暴力與理性

濮　林
PU Lin

1.

　　通常在网络论战中我们能听到许多声音指责网友“暴力”，最近尤甚。温和一点，可以把这种暴力叫做非理性。其实问题之外，常常被忽视并且回避的是暴与理背后行为者之所以“捍卫”的依据－－所谓、或者说还是一种“理性”。这其实是群体的理性，或理性的群体一不留神之后的可怕，一种“一致性”的“暴力”。或者，你可以这样来理解：在许多情形，理性极易表现为向暴力的演变，然后形之于行动、语言、偏好、暗示、冷淡、恐惧、愤怒、谩骂、诅咒，以及直至于仇恨的偏执并单一形式的狂热。此时，理性不过是另一种精神的暴力。

　　例如一种解释，米歇尔·福柯在1980年的一次(“真理存在于未来”[1, 2])访谈中说：“人的所有行为都是理性的预期与安排。所有制度如同行为与政治渊源一样都有其内在逻辑。即使在最暴力的暴力中仍然有其理性。暴力中最危险的部分恰是其中的理性。当然暴力本身糟糕透顶，但暴力及其所能持久的最深层根源在于我们所谓之理性的确立。有一种观点认为：如果我们生活在一个理性的世界里，我们就能远离暴力。这其实大谬不然，因为暴力和理性并非势不两立。”（参阅文献”[1, 2]。据原文的英文译文翻译。除极个别语境待推敲，中文译文基本准确。）

主要参考文献
References

[1]

Michel Foucault. (1996) [1980]. 'Truth is in the future'. In Sylvère Lotringer (ed.) Foucault Live (Interviews, 1961-1984). Tr. Lysa Hochroth and John Johnston. 2nd edition. New York: Semiotext(e), p.299.

      'All human behavior is scheduled and programmed through rationality. There is a logic of institutions and in behavior and in political relations. In even the most violent ones there is a rationality. What is most dangerous in violence is its rationality. Of course violence itself is terrible. But the deepest root of violence and its permanence come out of the form of the rationality we use. The idea had been that if we live in the world of reason, we can get rid of violence. This is quite wrong. Between violence and rationality there is no incompatibility.'

Michel Foucault (1926-1984)：Philosopher and Historian of Thought. French.

This Quote was collected by Dr. Clare O'Farrell. Please read the following article to have a close touch on Foucault's feelings.


[2]

Clare O'Farrell. Foucault Quotes. National History, 1 (5), nh20080626a1 (2008). □ doi: 10.3128/nh20080626a1 | ScideaFull | CrossRef

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